1. Pap Smear: Papanicolaou Test

• Purpose: The screening of cervix cancer and the precancerous changes in the cervix.

• Procedure: A pelvic test is performed and cells from the cervix are obtained, followed by a microscopic examination.
  
  

2. HPV Testing

• Purpose: Contains human papillomavirus, a virus causing cervical cancer.

• Procedure: Often performed with the Pap smear and may be conducted on the same or a different specimen.
  
  

3. Pelvic Ultrasound

• Purpose: Imaging of the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and other pelvic organs to establish diseases like fibroids, cysts, and ectopic pregnancy.

• Procedure: Images are taken by placing a transducer on the abdomen, which is called transabdominal, or inside the vagina, called transvaginal.
  
  

4. Hysteroscopy

• Purpose: Examination of the lining of the uterus to diagnose abnormal bleeding, polyps, or fibroids within.

• Procedure: Insertion of a thin tube illuminated with a light at the end through the cervix into the uterus.
  
  

5. Colposcopy

• Purpose: Investigation of the cervix, vagina, and vulva in minute detail and in abnormal conditions that are pointed out in a Pap smear.

• Procedure: It is seen by using a colposcope, a particular type of magnifying instrument.
  
  

6. Endometrial Biopsy

• Purpose: Diagnosing conditions like endometrial hyperplasia and cancer by collecting and examining uterine tissue.

• Procedure: A physician removes a small amount of the lining of the endometrium with a thin, flexible tube inserted through the cervix.
  
  

7. Laparoscopy

• Purpose: Diagnosing disorders, which include endometriosis, ovarian cysts and PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease).

• Procedure: A small incision near the belly button allows for a laparoscope—a thin tube with a camera—to be inserted to view the pelvic organs.
  
  

8. Sonohysterography (Saline Infusion Sonography)

• Purpose: This imaging technique is used in the diagnosis of abnormalities like uterine fibroids or polyps within the uterine cavity.

• Procedure: Saline is injected via the cervix into the uterus during an ultrasound scan.
  
  

9. Hysterosalpingography (HSG)

• Purpose: Imaging of the fallopian tubes and uterine cavity. It is primarily required in the evaluation of infertility.

• Procedure: A dye is injected through the cervix, and then X-rays are taken to outline the shape of the uterus and fallopian tubes.
  
  

10. Mammography

• Purpose: Screening and diagnosis of breast cancer.

• Procedure: X-rays of breasts are taken to point out any tumour or any other kind of abnormality found in them. Special mammography machines give out more accurate results.
  
  

11. BRCA Testing

• Purpose: Molecular genetic testing for mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes associated with breast and ovarian cancer risk.

• Procedure: Blood or saliva sample are collected to analyze for specific genetic mutations.
  
  

12. Cervical Biopsy

• Purpose: To further evaluate abnormal cervical cells collected on a Pap smear or colposcopy.

• Procedure: A small piece of tissue from the cervix is removed for microscopic study.
  
  

13. Vaginal and Vulvar Biopsy

• Purpose: Diagnosis of conditions affecting the vulva or vagina, as in precancerous lesions or infections.

• Procedure: A small tissue sample is taken from the affected area and sent for microscopic examination.
  
  

14. CA-125 Test

• Purpose: Blood test is primarily used to monitor ovarian cancer or to diagnose endometriosis.

• Procedure: It is done by withdrawing a blood sample to be tested for CA-125, a protein with elevated levels in some gynecologic conditions.
  
  

15. Complete Blood Count (CBC)

• Purpose: To Check general health condition and identify disorders like anaemia or infection.

• Procedure: A blood sample is withdrawn to measure various components such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
  
  

16. STD Testing

• Purpose: The diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, and HIV.

• Procedure: Blood, urine, or a swab taken from the cervix, vagina, or urethra, depending on the type of test to be conducted.
  
  

17. Bone Density Test DEXA Scan

• Purpose: Screening for osteoporosis, mainly in postmenopausal women.

• Procedure: A DEXA scan is used to measure bone mineral density, usually at the hip and spine.
  
  

These tests are quite essential to diagnose and treat gynaecological disorders at an early stage, offering better outcomes for women’s health.